Nate’s Journey: 16 May

I got up at 3AM today, started and finished packing before the van came at 6. I had an extra hour once I had everything squared away, so I spent my time writing for school. Once in the van, we went to pick up the Architects, Engineers and Surveyor from Pumori Engineering.

Our driver made sure to show me how crazy people move in early morning traffic here. I was most impressed by a three point U-turn across 4 to 6ish lanes of traffic. They don’t really delineate lanes in Nepal, I think it would be too distracting from beeping horns while cutting of motor bikes.

We got to the airport a good hour before our flight and got through security just in time to see them put up a sign saying, “Lukla flights delayed due to weather”. I had expected this, since thunderstorms caused me to wake around midnight. We went to a café upstairs to wait for news in a few hours. Enjoying breakfast with the essential small cups of milk tea. Hours of waiting were followed by news that weather had closed Lukla for the day.

An interesting thing I learned about travel in Nepal, is that any missed flights will be bumped to the end of the fly list for the next day, rather than getting precedence. I was confused when we stayed in the airport another couple hours after learning no planes would fly, but it seemed like a good time to keep writing for school.

Eventually Murari came back and told me we would try Heli instead. I had never flown in a helicopter before today, but it is amazingly like flying in dreams. I highly recommend it. Some more waiting happened, and soon we were aloft and cruising for Kathmandu valley’s Eastern rim. Murari later told me that Lukla airport called us two minutes after takeoff. They informed the pilot that Lukla was now closed to helicopters, again due to weather. They let us come anyhow, as we were already on our way. The few pictures I took that did come out decently do no justice to how epic this was. The heli windows allow air flow, so you not only feel yourself flying, but when you go through clouds and visibility drops off, you get hit with random drops of rain. It gives one the fear in a very exhilarating way.

Anyway, that was awesome and we made it safely. I understand now it is quite lucky to arrive in Lukla the same day you intended to. My sincere thanks to Summit Trek, for manifesting such a safe and amazing experience.  We spent enough time in Lukla to get hot tea and have our bags secured by porters.Then we were off to Phakding at 6:13 PM. We left around sunset and spent most of our walk in the dark, but safely made it to the Green Village Guest House. They cook a mean dhal bot here and are very nice.

I need to get myself off to sleep. The walk I had this evening summed to -200m below Lukla. Tomorrow we make that back and then some…

Nate’s Journey: 15 May

I had another early morning today, taking a walk at 5:30 AM. This time I tried some of the delicious smelling fried things, their scents do not lie.

I managed to get some writing done before breakfast at the hotel. Once at the Summit Trek office again, I got to see our friend from AWB. He and Murari were finishing up the last details for the trip that starts tomorrow. The rest of the day was quickly taken up by fetching a lost bag at the airport, rounding up the last few items for my trip and buying a considerable array of pills for a variety of ailments I hope to avoid. As someone who usually uses Miso soup, instead of Aspirin to treat headaches, this seems like a lot to put in my body. Really though, the Diamox to prevent altitude sickness is the only thing I will certainly be taking. The rest is there just in case I get unwanted guests inside my digestive track.

Once all the paper work was finished at the office, Murrari and Deha gave me a map of the Everest National Park. I love maps, and this one shows topography, glaciers, monasteries and even things like “rock wall”, “pine forest” or “stone steps”. With luck, the weather is good tomorrow and I fly out at 7:45 AM. Kathmandu is a marvelous city, but tomorrow I start walking up to the roof of the world, through all the wonderful things that are yet just words on a map to me. I have much to do yet and have not started packing. There will be so much more to write once I arrive in the mountains, so for now, Adieu.

Nate’s Journey: 14 May

By 5:30 AM I wasn’t able to sleep anymore. I gathered some things for the start of the day and walked downstairs to find the restaurant was not yet open. So I left to walk about the still morning as the city began to wake up. As I walked through the streets, the residents and vendors were busy conducting their morning Puja.  Flowers, burnt offerings and fresh paint made of spices were being placed on the various shrines I had seen the day before.

By around 9 in the morning, people began to open up their shops and make fried dough treats in vats of super heated oil. The smells sent me back to the hotel’s restaurant, where I enjoyed an American style breakfast.  Beside eggs, sausage and potatoes I got to try corn flakes served with a side of scalded milk. This was a first for me, no longer cold cereal and certainly not porridge, the blend was tasty and paired well with chai.

After breakfast I got to meet Murari from summit trek. I had first learned of him in Seattle, where he was mentioned as a leader of MEFSD (Mount Everest Foundation for Sustainable Development). We talked about the biogas project and went over the plan for my next week, while consulting a topographic map. I learned that in the initial stages of my trip to Gorak Shep, I will stop in Deboche for three days, while trekking with some Nepali engineers and architects. Their purpose in Deboche is to conduct a site survey of a Buddhist nuns’ monastery.  The group represents AWB (Architects Without Borders) and I put myself forward to help with the total-station work.

I later had a chance to speak with Dan Mazur, head of Summit Trek, on a Skype call from Everest base camp.  We talked about my trek in, the next steps of preparation and the work to be done at Gorak Shep. A full site survey is in order, including a visit to the first base camp. I will be meeting with the residents of Gorak Shep.  But most importantly, I will be hanging out with the porters who deal with the human waste, conversing through my guide and interpreter Mingma Sherpa. If the people who are to operate and maintain the biogas digester are not interested, then there is no project. No matter how sound the engineering, no matter how much money can be raised.

Once the logistics of the day had been handled, I walked about the shrines of Dubar Square and drank tea while the sun set.  This city is amazing, but I am anxious to get into the mountains and get to my real work here.

Nate’s Journey: 13 May

Hello Mount Everest Foundation news readers! After 32 hours of plane travel I made it safely to Kathmandu.

Driving into Kathmandu from the airport, I was impressed by the bravery of the bicycle riders. They showed as much fear in the weaving auto traffic, as they did helmets and closed toe shoes. No one seemed to need street signs or turn signals to get where they were going, and shortly I was at the Hotel Kathmandu in Jyatha, Kantipath.

Above all the vibrant street life, I glimpsed a great piece of graffiti near the high school. The image highlighted my infantile command of the Nepali language and complete ignorance of the Devanagari script. Despite my language barrier, most people had good English and everyone was friendly; particularly the hotel staff.  I soon met Deha from Summit Climb at the hotel’s small restaurant. 

We discussed the Mt. Everest Biogas Project, altitude sickness and various pharmaceuticals while I enjoyed lamb curry. After I had had a few cups of chai, Deha excused himself to get back to work and I went for a walk in the neighborhood. 

The plan of the roads, the small shrines everywhere and the smell of incense mixed with raw spice kept me walking through my jet lag.

Once the sun went down, I retired to the hotel and did my best to get some work done. I have yet to get a rough draft of my 20 page paper off to my adviser in Seattle. But by 9PM in Nepal, typing up biogas digester heat losses was not my top priority. 

I gave my thanks for sleeping in a clean bed, instead of nodding off onto the shoulders of Korean businessmen, and fell into weary sleep.

Google Maps Visits Khumbu

In the shadow of Mt. Everest lies a group of sacred valleys known as the Khumbu.
For centuries this remote mountainous region has been the homeland of the Sherpa people.
Discover the hidden treasures along the trail and off the beaten path.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGSIU39Y7WU

March 2014 Update

Design Progress March 2014

At the start of the biogas digester design process, the design team laid out 7 technical objectives to accomplish.  These are itemized below.  Over the last 3 years, significant progress has been made on meeting the first 5 technical objectives.  In summary, the technical team has demonstrated that the biogas digester will function at Gorak Shep, the heat loss of the digester is known and there are available subsystems that meet the Gorak Shep requirements. The design team is refining the preliminary design that was briefed in Nepal in 2013 based on the inputs from this site survey. Major design efforts in 2014 are focused on the implementation of the biogas system and long term sustainability of the system at Gorak Shep.

TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES

The technical objectives  were to technically answer the following questions:

  • 1)  Will an anaerobic biogas digester function at the low temperatures at Gorak Shep and using human waste as feed stock?
  • 2)  What factors influence the performance of the biogas digester?
  • 3)  What are the Gorak Shep design requirements?
  • 4)  What is the heat loss of the digester under various external temperatures, desired internal temperatures of the digester and different R-value insulation of the system?
  • 5)  What are potential design solutions to negate the heat loss and meet the system requirements for a digester at Gorak Shep?
  • 6)  How to implement the approved design?
  • 7)  How to provide long-term sustainability?

DIGESTER MODELING

Since there are many variables that determine the quantity of gas that can be produced, a computer model has been developed that,  based on the quantity of human waste input, water input, and digester size, quantifies the amount of methane gas produced as a function of internal digester temperature and retention time.  The results from the model  validate the technical feasibility of the project, but also allows trade offs of the input parameters to optimize performance and identify the critical factors in the successful operation of the digester in low temperatures.

More details about digester performance and temperature:

MASS-ENERGY BALANCE

A mass-energy model for the biogas system has been developed including fuel preparation, digester, “green house” and effluent. Results show that the system is not sustainable without supplemental heat (green house and/or solar panels or other).

GORAK SHEP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

  • The system will maximize the use of locally available building materials and labor.
  • The biogas system must be designed with off the shelf technology systems, easily maintained and sustainable.
  • The system must be able to function during extended periods of no or limited solar energy.
  • An average of 12,000 kg (13.2 tons) of human waste is generated at the climbers’ base camps at Everest, Nuptse, Lhotse and Pumori. This amount is divided between two climbing seasons: one in the spring and one in the fall. The spring season accounts for about 75% of the annual total waste.
  • The slurry temperature needs to be maintained near 30°C for optimum methane production.
  • The human waste from the base camps will need to be mixed with water to bring the waste concentration (percent of the effluent that’s solid) down to 8%.
  • Pathogens remaining in the effluent from the digester must be safe to use as fertilizer.

POTENTIAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS

   5 different design solutions were considered which used combinations of PV panels, solar heaters, immersion resistance heaters, electric water heaters, water storage devices, and pump driven heat transfer loops.  The pros and cons of each system were presented to an outside technical panel of experts with a recommendation to proceed with a design (Preliminary Design 05/2013) that features:

  • Heavy insulated (R-50) digester
  • Heavy insulated (R-50) greenhouse with window for passive heat
  • Insulated water tank heated by PV solar panels
  • DC hot water pump to move heated water thru coils in the digester floor
  • Simple drain field to dispose of effluent.

GORAK SHEP SITE SURVEY/CONCLUSIONS

   A senior design engineer from the Mt. Everest Biogas team spent a month in Nepal and met with the tea house owners and porters at Gorak Shep; officials of Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC); Mt. Everest Foundation for Sustainable Development (MEFSD) and Biogas Support Program (BSP)-Nepal.

CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SITE SURVEY

  • The teahouse owners and waste porters all support this project
  •    Water is available and drainage conditions are excellent for disposing of the effluent.
  •    The proposed site meets with the teahouse owners approval  and:
  •  The sandy soil will help insulate the digester
  •   Risk of accidents by humans, animals or rocks is low
  •  Solar exposure is very good

The full presentation can be downloaded here:Presentation for BSP

TECHNICAL TASKS TO GO

  • Refine preliminary design based on Gorak Shep site survey.
  • Continue performance modeling of the digester and passive solar building.
  • Acquire cost and schedule data on system components.
  • Design a water collection system at Gorak Shep.
  • Perform a risk assessment of the design/operation.
  • Develop long term sustainability training and operations documents.

October 2013 Update

[image type=”none” float=”none” src=”http://everestbio.ewbseattle.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/checklist-shutterstock_156086177.jpg” info=”none” info_place=”top” info_trigger=”hover”]

Our program has completed the following tasks:

  1. Water and soil quality sampling and testing at Gorak Shep.
  2. Biogas digester model (Harris, U of Adelaide) is being used to assess performance.
  3. Extensive heat modeling.
  4. Formal proposal to BSP-Nepal for constructing digester at Gorak Shep.
  5. Site survey at Gorak Shep.
  6. Preliminary biogas system design completed.
  7. Cost estimate based on the site survey results.

We have established formal affiliations with:

  1. Puget Sound Professional Chapter of Engineers without Borders. (EWB)
  2. Biogas Sector Program of Nepal (BSP-Nepal)
  3. Mt Everest foundation for Sustainable Development (MEFSD)
  4. Saving Mt Everest 2011-2012
  5. Seattle Architects without Borders

Program Tasks to Complete:

  1. Submit  formal application to Engineers Without Borders for recognition as an EWB Service Corp Program.
  2. Formalize “requirements and sustainability” document with residents of Gorak Shep.
  3. Formalize working document/contract with Biogas Sector Program-Nepal.
  4. Perform additional water testing at Gorak Shep to correlate the contaminated water with the source of contamination .
  5. Perform ground temperature measurements for 9 month period of performance.

Project Begins!

We are proud to announce that the Mount Everest Biogas Project has been officially launched!

Our project builds on the success of many other biogas projects in Nepal, and adds the challenges and specific requirements for an installation at 17,000ft (5000meters) elevation and that utilizes only human waste.

We have been approved by the Engineers Without Borders – Puget Sound Professional Chapter. You can find volunteer opportunities and the project description on their website.